Nina Leen—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images
  • As pertains to the question at hand, the purpose of the egg is to become a chicken; the egg is therefore a potential chicken. The hatched chicken is, well, the actual (or actualized ) chicken. Through a complex argument involving the perishability of anything potential and the eternal idea of the actual chicken, Aristotle deduced that actuality.
  • The Unattended Support component that is recognized by the Mac OS is not the GoToAssist Customer App that you use during the Attended Session, it is called g2axlaunchagentcustomer. To set up Unattended support remotely on a Mac: Have your client join an Attended Session.
  • Mac n' Cheese Bites (8) 8.99 Jalapeno Poppers (8) 8.99 Garlic Cheese Bread Sticks (12) 9.99.Chicken Fingers - plain (6) 8.99.Chicken Wings - plain (10) 9.99.Add Buffalo, BBQ, Teriyaki or Honey Mustard for 1.00 Includes side of Blue Cheese or Ranch dressing with carrots & celery.

Cook macaroni according to package directions, adding broccoli during the last 5 minutes of cooking. Meanwhile, in a Dutch oven, heat oil over medium-high heat. Add chicken, onion, salt and pepper; cook and stir 6-8 minutes or until chicken.

Do you have a question about history? Send us your question at history@time . com and you might find your answer in a future edition of Now You Know.

First of all, yes, a reader really did ask us this one. Henry portrait of a serial killer 1986 torrent download.

At first we laughed a bit—who wouldn’t? But it turns out that this question is a classic for a reason. People have been asking it for thousands of years, and it contains more than a little history.

“It’s a charming problem because you want to dismiss it as a stupid question,” says Roy Sorensen, a philosopher at Washington University in St. Louis who has written on the question, “but you can see on reflection that we’re impatient with it, but it’s not a stupid question.”

First, let’s get the scientific answer out of the way. Eggs, generally speaking, existed before chickens did. The oldest fossils of dinosaur eggs and embryos are about 190 million years old. Archaeopteryx fossils, which are the oldest generally accepted as birds, are around 150 million years old, which means that birds in general came after eggs in general.

That answer is also true—the egg comes first—when you narrow it down to chickens and the specific eggs from which they emerge. At some point, some almost-chicken creature produced an egg containing a bird whose genetic makeup, due to some small mutation, was fully chicken. Given the incremental nature of genetic changes, locating that precise dividing line is pretty much impossible, but chickens were domesticated, diverging from their wild counterparts, sometime in the range of 7,000 years ago. Neil deGrasse Tyson has endorsed this idea of the not-quite-a-chicken bird laying the egg which would grow up to be a chicken, and Bill Nye agreed.

A few years ago a group of scientists did write about how a particular protein required for chicken egg shell formation was only found in chicken ovaries. That data was often reported as evidence that the chicken was first, but even the scientists whose study it was weren’t too convinced, with one of them calling the question “fun but pointless.” (When the Oxford English Dictionary gave it a go, exploring which word has a longer history, that method that yielded no definite answer.)

Perhaps the more interesting angle, then, is where the question originated—and what its answer’s evolution (no pun intended) reveals about the history of human thought.

The story starts in Ancient Greece. Aristotle was clearly thinking about this type of question, says Sorensen, though he escaped having to answer it by saying that both went infinitely backward and had always existed. An 1825 English translation of François Fénelon’s book on ancient philosophers described Aristotle’s perspective: “There could not have been a first egg to give a beginning to birds, or there would have been a first bird which gave a beginning to eggs; for a bird comes from an egg.”

It was Plutarch who gave the question its enduring form, “Whether the Hen or the Egg Came first,” writing of the “little question” that it “shook the great and weighty problem (whether the world had a beginning).” In the fifth century, one Roman scholar, Macrobius, wrote that people “jest about what you suppose to be a triviality, in asking whether the hen came first from the egg or the egg from the hen, but the point should be regarded as one of importance.”

Christian philosophers like Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas spent time considering how to square Greek philosophers’ wonder and sage thinking with the certainty of their religious worldview, says Sorensen. After all, understanding the question based strictly on Genesis, the chicken would come first.

A few hundred years later, the Italian natural historian Ulysse Aldrovandi wrote briefly on the matter, revealing that the question was well-known but settled in the year 1600: “I pass over now that trite and thus otiose rather than curious question, whether the hen exists before the egg or vice versa. It is stated in the sacred books that the hen existed first. These books teach that animals were created at the beginning of the world; hence the hen did not come from the egg but from nothing.”

By the 18th century, however, things were changing. Denis Diderot, an important enlightenment thinker and editor of the Encyclopédie, did not see the question as quite so simple. “If the question of the priority of the egg over the chicken or of the chicken over the egg embarrasses you, it is because you suppose that animals originally were what they are at present,” he wrote in 1769. “What folly!” To Diderot, an animal’s past was as uncertain as its future.

Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species complicated the issue upon its publication in 1859, Sorensen notes. The theory of evolution made it clear that in some ways Diderot was looking in the right direction, but its emphasis on gradual change (and Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetic inheritance) produced the combination of certainty and mystery that continues to this day: the egg must have come first, but it can’t be said when. It’s a struggle to distinguish between one species and another given that there’s a lot of overlap as species slowly adapt.

Even as the science is pretty much resolved, philosophers continue to engage with the matter. Clearly, the question remains a fruitful starting-point for all sorts of meditations—including this one.

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EDIT POST

Chicken .or Egg Mac Os 7

  1. Linux
    1. Embedded Linux
  2. Mac OS X
    1. MacPorts
  3. BSD
  4. Haiku
  5. Other platforms/cross-platform support

Platform packages

Chicken .or egg mac os 11

This aims to provide a comprehensive listing of all platforms where CHICKEN is available in pre-packaged form (whether as a distribution package or a binary).

To see on which platforms CHICKEN is supported, see portability.

In order to enable software written using CHICKEN to be effectively distributed, it is important that CHICKEN (or at least the CHICKEN libraries) be included in as many of the various packaging systems as possible, so that it can always be relied on as an available dependency.

Linux

Arch Linux

  • Arch users can install CHICKEN 5.0.0 from its official community repository:
  • There is also an AUR package if you would like to use CHICKEN from Git.
  • Furthermore, some Eggs may be available as AUR packages as well.

Debian Linux

  • CHICKEN 5.2.0 is available in an unofficial repository for Debian 10 and newer on build.opensuse.org.
  • CHICKEN 5.1.0 is officially included in the Debian Sid (unstable) distribution.
  • CHICKEN 4.13.0 is officially included in the Debian Bullseye (testing) distribution.
  • CHICKEN 4.13.0 is officially included in the Debian Buster (stable) distribution.
  • CHICKEN 4.11.0 is officially included in the Debian Stretch (oldstable) distribution.
  • CHICKEN 4.9.0.1 is officially included in the Debian Jessie (oldoldstable) distribution.

Users can install CHICKEN on Debian by using apt or aptitude:

or https://hp-mac-time-travel-visions-soft-os-deadmatch.peatix.com.

Fedora Linux (and RHEL derivatives, via EPEL)

Fedora officially includes a fairly recent version of CHICKEN. To install, just use yum:

There is also an unofficial RPM repository located at home:zilti:chicken with up-to-date Fedora packages.

Ubuntu Linux

  • Chicken 4.13.0 is officially included in the Ubuntu Cosmic distribution
  • Chicken 4.12.0 is officially included in the Ubuntu Bionic distribution
  • CHICKEN 4.11.0 is officially included in the Ubuntu Artful and Zesty distributions.
  • CHICKEN 4.9.0.1 is officially included in the Ubuntu Xenial distribution.
  • CHICKEN 4.8.0 is officially included in the Ubuntu Trusty distribution.
  • CHICKEN 5.2.0 is available in an unofficial repository for Ubuntu 18.04 and newer on build.opensuse.org.

Gentoo Linux

Gentoo users can install chicken the normal way:

This will download, compile and install the latest version of CHICKEN (if it is not already installed).

CHICKEN's Portage ebuild is maintained by Marijn Schouten.

openSUSE

Pineapple mac os. There is currently one semi-official and one unofficial build of CHICKEN. Both are build on OBS, the openSUSE Build Service.

The semi-official one can be found at devel:languages:misc. The unofficial one is from the user zilti and you can find it at home:zilti:chicken

In order to install CHICKEN from devel:languages:misc, you need something along the lines of:

For a complete set of openSUSE distributions and more installation options you can check the CHICKEN download page at software.opensuse.org

Mageia

  • There is an unofficial repository located at home:zilti:chicken with up-to-date Mageia packages.

Void

  • Void users can install CHICKEN 5 from the official package repository:

Embedded Linux

Yocto/OpenEmbedded

meta-chicken is a layer for Yocto/OpenEmbedded which can be used to cross-compile CHICKEN and eggs.

OpenWRT

CHICKEN 5.0.0 is included in the development branch of OpenWRT. If you have the line

Baaaaad neighbourhood mac os. (note it says 'snapshots' and not 'releases') in the file

Chicken .or Egg Mac Os X

you'll be able to install it with opkg as shown below:

For the stable version it would be necessary to compile the sources from this repository (follow the instructions there).

OpenMoko

This package consists of the runtime library plus interpreter. The version of CHICKEN is 2.733.

Package maintained by john moore.

Maemo 5

Instructions for getting CHICKEN (4.4) and many eggs from a handy optified deb repository are at: http://0xab.com/n900

Package maintained by Andrei Barbu.

Chrome OS

If you have your Chrome OS device in developer mode and have installed Chromebrew you can install it from binaries using:

or compile from source using:

Mac OS X

MacPorts

If you're using MacPorts, installation is very simple. Open the Terminal application and type the following:

Chicken .or Egg Mac Os 8

This will download, compile and install the latest CHICKEN version.

Chicken .or Egg Mac Os Sierra

Installing the readline egg

You can install the readline egg to get history and tab-completion in csi. See Using the interpreter.

However, you may get errors when compiling the egg. This is because Apple doesn't ship GNU readline with OS X. However, there is an easy fix:

Fixing libchicken.dylib

When using certain extensions (posix is one example), you may come across the following error:

The easiest way to fix this is to add an alias to libchicken.dylib to /usr/local/lib, like so:

Another solution is to set the DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to the location of libchicken.dylib. However, this will mess up some other programs, as they will look for their libraries in /opt/local/lib as well. One solution is to set up aliases for csi and csc in your bash profile. Add the following two lines to ~/.profile:

This will set DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH for csi and csc, but not for other commands.

Homebrew

If you're using Homebrew you can install the formula chicken:

BSD

FreeBSD

For FreeBSD, you can use the lang/chicken5 port to install the latest stable release.

NetBSD

For NetBSD, you can use the lang/chicken package from pkgsrc to install the latest stable release.

OpenBSD

For OpenBSD, you can use the lang/chicken package by running the following command as root:

DragonFly BSD

For DragonFly BSD, you can use the lang/chicken package from pkgsrc to install the latest stable release.

Haiku

HaikuPorts

CHICKEN has been added to the official ports repository and can be installed with the following command:

Other platforms/cross-platform support

pkgsrc

For many systems, you can use pkgsrc. This is a cross-platform packaging system, which works on most modern Unix-like operating systems and even on Windows (using Interix/Services for Unix or Cygwin). See this table for the full list of supported platforms.

Microsoft Windows

NOTE: Some users may encounter issues installing eggs on Windows (particularly bind) unless an appropriate C compiler is installed. It is recommended to use mingw-w64 in place of mingw32 as the mingw32 project is no longer as actively maintained.

If you use cygwin there are up to date packages included for 32 and 64bit versions.

MSYS2 is easy to setup and build Chicken for, and produces native 64 bit Windows binaries.

User survey

A survey trys to find out which platforms are commonly used by CHICKEN users. There might be an issue with csi.